Nd:YVO₄ is a neodymium-doped crystal widely used in diode-pumped solid-state lasers, known for its high absorption coefficient, strong gain, and natural birefringence that produces linearly polarized output; compared to Nd:YAG, it enables more compact and efficient laser designs with lower threshold power and strong emission typically at 1064 nm, though it has lower thermal conductivity and is more sensitive to thermal effects.










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